The lack of security cooperation between Pakistan and Afghanistan intensifies the challenge of counterterrorism efforts Pakistan’s geostrategic location offers both advantages and challenges. The country historically had troubled relations and contentious borders with three of its neighbours: India, Afghanistan and Iran. Afghanistan is particularly significant in this regard, as unresolved border management issues continue to pose problems. Stretching over 2,600 kilometers, the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan has witnessed a mix of historical dispute, security concerns, and the movement of refugees. Despite being the de facto border, Afghanistan has never officially recognized the Durand Line, leading to a prolonged historical…